From the perspective of half a century, however, this brutal and intractable conflict looks less like the last colonial war than the first postmodern one-a full-dress rehearsal for the sort of amorphous struggle that convulsed the Balkans in the 1990s and that now ravages the Middle East, from Beirut to Baghdad, struggles in which religion, nationalism, imperialism, and terrorism assume previously unimagined degrees of intensity. The conflict made headlines around the world, and at the time it seemed like a French affair. Above all, the war was marked by an unholy marriage of revolutionary terror and state torture. More than a million Muslim Algerians died in the conflict and as many European settlers were driven into exile. It caused the fall of six French governments, led to the collapse of the Fourth Republic, brought de Gaulle back to power, and came close to provoking a civil war on French soil. The Algerian War lasted from 1954 to 1962.
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